---
title: ‘You were always a hard man,’ said the youth, ‘and hard you are stil… — The Red Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘You were always a hard man,’ said the youth, ‘and hard you are still if you refuse to let your own son come into your house.’ Who acts: You, hard man, own son. A sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Master Thief, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Red Fairy Book, The Master Thief, sentence 88

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‘You were always a hard man,’ said the youth, ‘and hard you are still if you refuse to let your own son come into your house.’

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**Who acts:** You, hard man, own son · **What happens:** be, say, not let, come · **To what, where:** hard man, youth, own son, house · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Master Thief. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, hard man, own son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg540:9:88
# text = ‘You were always a hard man,’ said the youth, ‘and hard you are still if you refuse to let your own son come into your house.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
14	‘	‘	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	parataxis	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
19	still	still	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	refuse	refuse	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
25	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
28	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
29	into	into	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | You | a hard man |  |  |  | always *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a hard man | the youth |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent youth=Topic |
| 3 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  | still | refuse *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **let** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your own son |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **come** | infinitive | your own son *not said here* |  |  | your house |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into house=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Red Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 540 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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