---
title: When the Cowardly Lion stepped upon the raft it tipped badly, for he… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: When the Cowardly Lion stepped upon the raft it tipped badly, for he was big and heavy; but the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman stood upon the other end to steady it, and they had long poles in their hands to push the raft through the water. Who acts: Cowardly Lion, Lion, Toto, Scarecrow. A sentence o
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter VIII. The Deadly Poppy Field, sentence 6

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When the Cowardly Lion stepped upon the raft it tipped badly, for he was big and heavy; but the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman stood upon the other end to steady it, and they had long poles in their hands to push the raft through the water.

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**Who acts:** Cowardly Lion, Lion, Toto, Scarecrow · **What happens:** step, tip, be, stand, have, push · **To what, where:** raft, other end, long poles, hands, water

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter VIII. The Deadly Poppy Field. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cowardly Lion, Lion, Toto, Scarecrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:10:6
# text = When the Cowardly Lion stepped upon the raft it tipped badly, for he was big and heavy; but the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman stood upon the other end to steady it, and they had long poles in their hands to push the raft through the water.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Cowardly	Cowardly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stepped	step	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	raft	raft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	tipped	tip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Scarecrow	scarecrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Tin	Tin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	Woodman	Woodman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
27	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
28	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	advcl	_	_
34	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
39	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	poles	pole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	_
41	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	_
44	to	to	PART	TO	_	45	mark	_	_
45	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	advcl	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	raft	raft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obj	_	_
48	through	through	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **step** | past | the Cowardly Lion |  |  | the raft |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon raft=Trajectory |
| 2 | **tip** | past | Lion | the raft *not said here* |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent raft=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | Toto |  |  |  |  | big *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | Toto *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **stand** | past | the Scarecrow and the Tin Woodman |  |  |  | upon the other end |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon end=Location |
| 6 | **have** | past | Scarecrow | long poles |  | Scarecrow's hands |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pole=Patient |
| 7 | **push** | to-infinitive | Scarecrow *not said here* | the raft |  | the water |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent raft=Theme through water=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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