---
title: It was true; Toto had fallen down beside his little mistress. — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: It was true; Toto had fallen down beside his little mistress. Who acts: dog, Toto. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter VIII. The Deadly Poppy Field, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg55/10/79/)

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter VIII. The Deadly Poppy Field, sentence 79

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It was true; Toto had fallen down beside his little mistress.

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**Who acts:** dog, Toto · **What happens:** be, fall down

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter VIII. The Deadly Poppy Field. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dog, Toto), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:10:79
# text = It was true; Toto had fallen down beside his little mistress.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	Toto	Toto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	mistress	mistress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | dog |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall down** | past · perfect | Toto |  |  |  |  | beside Toto's little mistress | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beside mistress=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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