---
title: Toto had always loved to chase mice when he lived in Kansas, and he… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: Toto had always loved to chase mice when he lived in Kansas, and he saw no harm in it. Who acts: Toto. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter IX. The Queen of the Field Mice, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter IX. The Queen of the Field Mice, sentence 23

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Toto had always loved to chase mice when he lived in Kansas, and he saw no harm in it.

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**Who acts:** Toto · **What happens:** love, chase, live, see · **To what, where:** Toto, mice, Kansas, harm

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter IX. The Queen of the Field Mice. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toto), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:11:23
# text = Toto had always loved to chase mice when he lived in Kansas, and he saw no harm in it.
1	Toto	Toto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	loved	love	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	chase	chase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Kansas	Kansas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
18	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | past · perfect · passive |  | Toto |  |  |  | always *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **chase** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | mice |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme |
| 3 | **live** | past | Toto |  |  | Kansas |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in kansas=Location |
| 4 | **see** | past | Toto | no harm |  | harm |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer harm=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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