---
title: “Oh, no,” declared the Scarecrow; “this Lion is a coward.” — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: “Oh, no,” declared the Scarecrow; “this Lion is a coward.” Who acts: Scarecrow, Lion. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter IX. The Queen of the Field Mice, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter IX. The Queen of the Field Mice, sentence 35

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Oh, no,” declared the Scarecrow; “this Lion is a coward.”

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**Who acts:** Scarecrow, Lion · **What happens:** declare, be · **To what, where:** coward · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter IX. The Queen of the Field Mice. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scarecrow, Lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:11:35
# text = “Oh, no,” declared the Scarecrow; “this Lion is a coward.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	declared	declare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Scarecrow	scarecrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	coward	coward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | past | the Scarecrow |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | this Lion | a coward |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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