---
title: And when the crows saw him they were frightened, as these birds alwa… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: And when the crows saw him they were frightened, as these birds always are by scarecrows, and did not dare to come any nearer. Who acts: crows, birds. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XII. The Search for the Wicked Witch, with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter XII. The Search for the Wicked Witch, sentence 47

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when the crows saw him they were frightened, as these birds always are by scarecrows, and did not dare to come any nearer.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** crows, birds · **What happens:** see, frighten, be, not dare, not come · **To what, where:** Scarecrow, crows, any

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XII. The Search for the Wicked Witch. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crows, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:14:47
# text = And when the crows saw him they were frightened, as these birds always are by scarecrows, and did not dare to come any nearer.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	crows	crow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
12	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
14	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	13	advmod	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	scarecrows	scarecrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	dare	dare	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
25	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	24	obl	_	_
26	nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the crows | Scarecrow |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 2 | **frighten** | past · passive |  | crows *= crow* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | this birds |  |  |  |  | as scarecrows | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **dare** | past · do-support | the crows *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **come** | to-infinitive | the crows *not said here* | any |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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