---
title: “You see,” said the Cowardly Lion, with a whimper, “I haven’t the co… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: “You see,” said the Cowardly Lion, with a whimper, “I haven’t the courage to keep tramping forever, without getting anywhere at all.” Who acts: You, Cowardly Lion, courage. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XIV. The Winged Monkeys, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter XIV. The Winged Monkeys, sentence 15

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“You see,” said the Cowardly Lion, with a whimper, “I haven’t the courage to keep tramping forever, without getting anywhere at all.”

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**Who acts:** You, Cowardly Lion, courage · **What happens:** see, say, not have, keep, tramp, get · **To what, where:** courage, all · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XIV. The Winged Monkeys. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, Cowardly Lion, courage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:16:15
# text = “You see,” said the Cowardly Lion, with a whimper, “I haven’t the courage to keep tramping forever, without getting anywhere at all.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Cowardly	cowardly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	whimper	whimper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	n’t	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	acl	_	_
23	tramping	tramp	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	xcomp	_	_
24	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
27	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	conj	_	_
28	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	27	advmod	_	_
29	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** *in a quote* | present | You |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Cowardly Lion |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **have** *in a quote* | present | the Cowardly Lion *= lion* | the courage |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Patient |
| 4 | **keep** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | the Cowardly Lion *= lion* *not said here* | the courage *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **tramp** *in a quote* | gerund | the courage *not said here* |  |  |  |  | forever *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **get** *in a quote* | gerund | the courage *not said here* |  |  | all |  | anywhere *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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