---
title: The four travelers passed a sleepless night, each thinking of the gi… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: The four travelers passed a sleepless night, each thinking of the gift Oz had promised to bestow on him. Who acts: four travelers, each, Oz. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XV. The Discovery of Oz, the Terrible, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter XV. The Discovery of Oz, the Terrible, sentence 25

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The four travelers passed a sleepless night, each thinking of the gift Oz had promised to bestow on him.

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**Who acts:** four travelers, each, Oz · **What happens:** pass, think, promise, bestow · **To what, where:** gift

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XV. The Discovery of Oz, the Terrible. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (four travelers, each, Oz), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:17:25
# text = The four travelers passed a sleepless night, each thinking of the gift Oz had promised to bestow on him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	travelers	traveler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sleepless	sleepless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	nsubj	_	_
10	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	Oz	Oz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	bestow	bestow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | the four travelers |  |  |  | night |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | each |  |  |  |  | of the gift | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past · perfect | Oz | the gift *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent gift=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **bestow** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Oz *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on Oz | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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