---
title: You know, of course, that courage is always inside one; so that this… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: You know, of course, that courage is always inside one; so that this really cannot be called courage until you have swallowed it. Who acts: You, courage. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XVI. The Magic Art of the Great Humbug, with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter XVI. The Magic Art of the Great Humbug, sentence 56

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You know, of course, that courage is always inside one; so that this really cannot be called courage until you have swallowed it.

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**Who acts:** You, courage · **What happens:** know, be, not call, swallow · **To what, where:** courage · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XVI. The Magic Art of the Great Humbug. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, courage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:18:56
# text = You know, of course, that courage is always inside one; so that this really cannot be called courage until you have swallowed it.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
5	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	12	advmod	_	_
11	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
14	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	21	advmod	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	fixed	_	_
17	really	really	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
18	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
22	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	xcomp	_	_
23	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	swallowed	swallow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	22	acl:relcl	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | You |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | that courage |  |  |  |  | of one; always *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **call** | can · passive |  | courage |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **swallow** | present · perfect | you | courage |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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