---
title: When Dorothy, who was an orphan, first came to her, Aunt Em had been… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: When Dorothy, who was an orphan, first came to her, Aunt Em had been so startled by the child’s laughter that she would scream and press her hand upon her heart whenever Dorothy’s merry voice reached her ears; and she still looked at the little girl with wonder that she could find anything to laugh 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg55/2/16/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Wonderful Wizard of Oz](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg55/) / [Chapter I. The Cyclone](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg55/2/) / 16

# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter I. The Cyclone, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When Dorothy, who was an orphan, first came to her, Aunt Em had been so startled by the child’s laughter that she would scream and press her hand upon her heart whenever Dorothy’s merry voice reached her ears; and she still looked at the little girl with wonder that she could find anything to laugh at.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Dorothy, laughter, Aunt, merry voice · **What happens:** be, come, startle, scream, press, reach · **To what, where:** Dorothy, laughter, hand, ears, anything

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter I. The Cyclone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dorothy, laughter, Aunt, merry voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:2:16
# text = When Dorothy, who was an orphan, first came to her, Aunt Em had been so startled by the child’s laughter that she would scream and press her hand upon her heart whenever Dorothy’s merry voice reached her ears; and she still looked at the little girl with wonder that she could find anything to laugh at.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
2	Dorothy	Dorothy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	orphan	orphan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	advmod	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	Aunt	Aunt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
15	Em	Em	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
17	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	aux:pass	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	startled	startle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	’s	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
25	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
26	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	scream	scream	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	acl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	press	press	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
31	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
36	whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	38	advmod	_	_
37	Dorothy	Dorothy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	’s	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	advcl	_	_
39	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
41	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	ccomp	_	_
42	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	43	nmod:poss	_	_
43	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
46	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
47	still	still	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
48	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	parataxis	_	_
49	at	at	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
51	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
53	with	with	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	wonder	wonder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nmod	_	_
55	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	58	mark	_	_
56	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	58	nsubj	_	_
57	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
58	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	54	acl	_	_
59	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	58	obj	_	_
60	to	to	PART	TO	_	61	mark	_	_
61	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	acl	_	_
62	at	at	ADP	IN	_	61	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Dorothy |  |  |  |  | orphan *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | Dorothy *not said here* |  | Dorothy |  |  | first *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to she=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **startle** | past · perfect · passive | the child's laughter | Dorothy |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
| 4 | **scream** *speech: express* | would | Aunt | the child's laughter *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent laughter=Topic |
| 5 | **press** | infinitive | Aunt *not said here* | Aunt's hand |  |  |  | upon Aunt's heart | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |
| 6 | **reach** | past | merry voice | Aunt's ears |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ear=Theme |
| 7 | **look** | past | Aunt |  |  |  | still | at the little girl with wonder | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at girl=Theme |
| 8 | **find** | could | Aunt | anything |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Topic |
| 9 | **laugh** | to-infinitive | Aunt *not said here* | anything *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg55/2/15/)
- next →: [sentence 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg55/2/17/)
- ↑ back to [Chapter I. The Cyclone](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg55/2/)