---
title: It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh, and saved her from growing as g… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh, and saved her from growing as gray as her other surroundings. Who acts: joy, Toto, Dorothy. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter I. The Cyclone, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter I. The Cyclone, sentence 20

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It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh, and saved her from growing as gray as her other surroundings.

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**Who acts:** joy, Toto, Dorothy · **What happens:** be, make, laugh, save, grow · **To what, where:** Toto, Dorothy

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter I. The Cyclone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (joy, Toto, Dorothy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:2:20
# text = It was Toto that made Dorothy laugh, and saved her from growing as gray as her other surroundings.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	Toto	Toto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Dorothy	Dorothy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	gray	gray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | joy | Toto |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | Toto |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **laugh** | infinitive | Dorothy |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **save** | past | Toto *not said here* | Dorothy |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
| 5 | **grow** | gerund | Toto *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as gray; as Dorothy's other surroundings | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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