---
title: Toto was not gray; he was a little black dog, with long silky hair a… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: Toto was not gray; he was a little black dog, with long silky hair and small black eyes that twinkled merrily on either side of his funny, wee nose. Who acts: Toto, long silky hair. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter I. The Cyclone, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter I. The Cyclone, sentence 21

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Toto was not gray; he was a little black dog, with long silky hair and small black eyes that twinkled merrily on either side of his funny, wee nose.

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**Who acts:** Toto, long silky hair · **What happens:** not be, be, twinkle · **To what, where:** little black dog, side

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter I. The Cyclone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toto, long silky hair), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:2:21
# text = Toto was not gray; he was a little black dog, with long silky hair and small black eyes that twinkled merrily on either side of his funny, wee nose.
1	Toto	Toto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	gray	gray	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	silky	silky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	twinkled	twinkle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
23	merrily	merrily	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	either	either	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	det	_	_
26	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
29	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
31	wee	wee	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | Toto |  |  |  |  | gray *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Toto | a little black dog and long silky hair and small black eyes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **twinkle** | past | long silky hair and small black eyes |  |  | either side of Toto's funny wee nose |  | merrily *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on side=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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