---
title: The Lion also curled himself up to sleep and Toto lay beside him. — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: The Lion also curled himself up to sleep and Toto lay beside him. Who acts: Lion, Toto. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XX. The Dainty China Country, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter XX. The Dainty China Country, sentence 2

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The Lion also curled himself up to sleep and Toto lay beside him.

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**Who acts:** Lion, Toto · **What happens:** curl up, sleep, lie · **To what, where:** Lion

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter XX. The Dainty China Country. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lion, Toto), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:22:2
# text = The Lion also curled himself up to sleep and Toto lay beside him.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	curled	curl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	Toto	Toto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curl up** | past | the Lion | Lion |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 2 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | the Lion *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lie** | past | Toto |  |  |  |  | beside Lion | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside he=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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