---
title: Toto ran over to the trees and began to bark at the birds sitting th… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: Toto ran over to the trees and began to bark at the birds sitting there. Who acts: Toto, birds. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter III. How Dorothy Saved the Scarecrow, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter III. How Dorothy Saved the Scarecrow, sentence 4

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Toto ran over to the trees and began to bark at the birds sitting there.

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**Who acts:** Toto, birds · **What happens:** run over, begin, bark, sit

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter III. How Dorothy Saved the Scarecrow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toto, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:5:4
# text = Toto ran over to the trees and began to bark at the birds sitting there.
1	Toto	Toto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	bark	bark	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run over** | past | Toto |  |  |  |  | to the trees *result*; over *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to tree=Result |
| 2 | **begin** | past | Toto *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **bark** | to-infinitive | Toto *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the birds | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at bird=Stimulus |
| 4 | **sit** | gerund | the birds *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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