---
title: By and by an old crow flew near me, and after looking at me carefull… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: By and by an old crow flew near me, and after looking at me carefully he perched upon my shoulder and said: Who acts: old crow, person. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter IV. The Road Through the Forest, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter IV. The Road Through the Forest, sentence 50

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By and by an old crow flew near me, and after looking at me carefully he perched upon my shoulder and said:

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**Who acts:** old crow, person · **What happens:** fly, look, perch, say · **To what, where:** shoulder · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter IV. The Road Through the Forest. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old crow, person), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:6:50
# text = By and by an old crow flew near me, and after looking at me carefully he perched upon my shoulder and said:
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
8	near	near	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
12	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
16	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	perched	perch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
19	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | a old crow |  |  |  |  | near me | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent near i=Location |
| 2 | **look** | gerund | person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at me; carefully *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at i=Theme |
| 3 | **perch** | past | person |  |  | my shoulder |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon shoulder=Location |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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