---
title: I’ve been groaning for more than a year, and no one has ever heard m… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: I’ve been groaning for more than a year, and no one has ever heard me before or come to help me.” Who acts: I, one. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter V. The Rescue of the Tin Woodman, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter V. The Rescue of the Tin Woodman, sentence 22

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I’ve been groaning for more than a year, and no one has ever heard me before or come to help me.”

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, one · **What happens:** groan, hear, come, help · **To what, where:** me

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter V. The Rescue of the Tin Woodman. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:7:22
# text = I’ve been groaning for more than a year, and no one has ever heard me before or come to help me.”
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	’ve	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux	_	_
4	groaning	groan	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	9	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	16	advmod	_	_
16	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
17	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **groan** | present · perfect · progressive | I |  |  |  | year |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | present · perfect | no one | me |  |  | ever |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus |
| 3 | **come** | infinitive | no one *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **help** | to-infinitive | no one *not said here* |  | me |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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