---
title: Little Toto, now that he had an enemy to face, ran barking toward th… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: Little Toto, now that he had an enemy to face, ran barking toward the Lion, and the great beast had opened his mouth to bite the dog, when Dorothy, fearing Toto would be killed, and heedless of danger, rushed forward and slapped the Lion upon his nose as hard as she could, while she cried out: Who a
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter VI. The Cowardly Lion, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Little Toto, now that he had an enemy to face, ran barking toward the Lion, and the great beast had opened his mouth to bite the dog, when Dorothy, fearing Toto would be killed, and heedless of danger, rushed forward and slapped the Lion upon his nose as hard as she could, while she cried out:

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**Who acts:** Toto, Little Toto, Dorothy, heedless · **What happens:** have, run, bark, open, bite, fear · **To what, where:** enemy, great beast, dog, Toto, Lion, nose · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter VI. The Cowardly Lion. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toto, Little Toto, Dorothy, heedless), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:8:16
# text = Little Toto, now that he had an enemy to face, ran barking toward the Lion, and the great beast had opened his mouth to bite the dog, when Dorothy, fearing Toto would be killed, and heedless of danger, rushed forward and slapped the Lion upon his nose as hard as she could, while she cried out:
1	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Toto	Toto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	barking	bark	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	xcomp	_	_
15	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	opened	open	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	bite	bite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	35	advmod	_	_
33	Dorothy	Dorothy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	fearing	fear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
36	Toto	Toto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	39	nsubj:pass	_	_
37	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
38	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	aux:pass	_	_
39	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
42	heedless	heedless	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
46	rushed	rush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
47	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	slapped	slap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	conj	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	obj	_	_
52	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	54	nmod:poss	_	_
54	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	_
55	as	as	ADV	RB	_	56	advmod	_	_
56	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	49	advmod	_	_
57	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	59	mark	_	_
58	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	59	nsubj	_	_
59	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	56	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
61	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	63	mark	_	_
62	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	63	nsubj	_	_
63	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	conj	_	_
64	out	out	ADP	RP	_	63	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Toto | a enemy |  |  |  | to face | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent enemy=Patient |
| 2 | **run** | past | Little Toto |  |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bark** | gerund | Little Toto *not said here* |  |  |  |  | toward the Lion | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **open** | past · perfect · passive |  | the great beast |  |  |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme mouth=Destination |
| 5 | **bite** | to-infinitive |  | the dog |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient |
| 6 | **fear** | gerund | Dorothy |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 7 | **kill** | would · passive |  | Toto |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 8 | **rush** | past | heedless of danger |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **slap** | past | heedless of danger *not said here* | the Lion |  | Toto's nose |  | hard *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent lion=Theme upon nose=Destination |
| 10 | **cry out** *speech: express* | past | heedless |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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