---
title: “What makes you a coward?” asked Dorothy, looking at the great beast… — The Wonderful Wizard of Oz · tree and pragmatics
description: “What makes you a coward?” asked Dorothy, looking at the great beast in wonder, for he was as big as a small horse. Who acts: Lion. A sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter VI. The Cowardly Lion, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chapter VI. The Cowardly Lion, sentence 44

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“What makes you a coward?” asked Dorothy, looking at the great beast in wonder, for he was as big as a small horse.

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**Who acts:** Lion · **What happens:** make, ask, look, be · **To what, where:** Dorothy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Chapter VI. The Cowardly Lion. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg55:8:44
# text = “What makes you a coward?” asked Dorothy, looking at the great beast in wonder, for he was as big as a small horse.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	coward	coward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
9	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	Dorothy	Dorothy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	wonder	wonder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	as	as	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** *in a quote* | present |  | Dorothy |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material you=Product |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past |  |  | Dorothy |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent dorothy=Recipient |
| 3 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | at the great beast in wonder | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at beast=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | Lion |  |  |  |  | as a small horse; big *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Wonderful Wizard of Oz» by L. Frank Baum, Project Gutenberg book 55 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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