--- title: These laughed at him heartily, for they had laboured as hard as they… — The Pink Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics description: These laughed at him heartily, for they had laboured as hard as they could since daybreak, and had helped each other to fell trees and put them on the carts, so that all of these were now loaded except one. Who acts: These, ells. A sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Boo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg5615/12/101/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Pink Fairy Book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg5615/) / [The Pink Fairy Book, part 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg5615/12/) / 101 # The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 12, sentence 101 These laughed at him heartily, for they had laboured as hard as they could since daybreak, and had helped each other to fell trees and put them on the carts, so that all of these were now loaded except one. **Who acts:** These, ells · **What happens:** laugh, labour, help, fall, put, load · **To what, where:** each, trees, ells, carts, all This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, ells), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg5615:12:101 # text = These laughed at him heartily, for they had laboured as hard as they could since daybreak, and had helped each other to fell trees and put them on the carts, so that all of these were now loaded except one. 1 These this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 2 nsubj _ _ 2 laughed laugh VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 at at ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ _ 5 heartily heartily ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 for for SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 9 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 laboured labour VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 parataxis _ _ 11 as as ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 hard hard ADV RB Degree=Pos 10 advmod _ _ 13 as as SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 14 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ _ 16 since since ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 daybreak daybreak NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 21 helped help VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 10 parataxis _ _ 22 each each DET DT ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp 21 obj _ _ 23 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 fixed _ _ 24 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 25 fell fall VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 advcl _ _ 26 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 put put VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 conj _ _ 29 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ _ 30 on on ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 carts cart NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 34 so so ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 35 that that SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 36 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 41 nsubj:pass _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 36 nmod _ _ 39 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 41 aux:pass _ _ 40 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 41 advmod _ _ 41 loaded load VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 conj _ _ 42 except except ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 41 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 44 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **laugh** | past | These | | | | | at Hans; heartily *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **labour** | past · perfect | ells *= ell* | | | | | hard *property* | vn work-73.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **help** | past · perfect | | each | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Beneficiary | | 4 | **fall** | past | | trees | | | | | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient tree=Result | | 5 | **put** | infinitive | | ells *= ell* | | the carts | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme on cart=Destination | | 6 | **load** | past · passive | | all | | | now | except one | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 100](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg5615/12/100/) - next →: [sentence 102](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg5615/12/102/) - ↑ back to [The Pink Fairy Book, part 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg5615/12/)