---
title: ‘Look what was left on the ugly old fir-tree!’ he cried, and stamped… — The Pink Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Look what was left on the ugly old fir-tree!’ he cried, and stamped on the boughs so that they cracked under his feet. Who acts: Christmas, children. A sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 12, sentence 5

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‘Look what was left on the ugly old fir-tree!’ he cried, and stamped on the boughs so that they cracked under his feet.

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**Who acts:** Christmas, children · **What happens:** look, leave, cry, stamp, crack · **To what, where:** ugly old fir tree, boughs, feet · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christmas, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg5615:12:5
# text = ‘Look what was left on the ugly old fir-tree!’ he cried, and stamped on the boughs so that they cracked under his feet.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	ccomp	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
8	ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
10	fir	fir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	stamped	stamp	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	boughs	bough	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
23	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	26	mark	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	fixed	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	cracked	crack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
27	under	under	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | past · passive |  |  |  | the ugly old fir tree |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme on tree=Location |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Christmas |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **stamp** | participle | Christmas *not said here* |  |  | the boughs |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent on bough=Destination |
| 5 | **crack** | past | children *= child* |  |  | Christmas's feet |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under foot=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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