---
title: It was explained to him that the corn and the chaff had to be separa… — The Pink Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: It was explained to him that the corn and the chaff had to be separated; as yet both were lying in one heap, right up to the roof. Who acts: corn, both. A sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 12, sentence 82

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was explained to him that the corn and the chaff had to be separated; as yet both were lying in one heap, right up to the roof.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** corn, both · **What happens:** explain, have, separate, lie · **To what, where:** room, squire, one heap · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (corn, both), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg5615:12:82
# text = It was explained to him that the corn and the chaff had to be separated; as yet both were lying in one heap, right up to the roof.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	explained	explain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	corn	corn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	chaff	chaff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	separated	separate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	nsubj	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	right	right	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
27	up	up	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | room | squire |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | the corn and the chaff |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **separate** | to-infinitive · passive | the corn and the chaff *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V» |
| 4 | **lie** | past · progressive | both |  |  | one heap | yet | up the roof | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in heap=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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