---
title: Saying this, he bent down his head and shook the stone off, so that… — The Pink Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Saying this, he bent down his head and shook the stone off, so that it crushed one of the squire’s big toes. Who acts: Hans, stone. A sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 13, sentence 43

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saying this, he bent down his head and shook the stone off, so that it crushed one of the squire’s big toes.

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**Who acts:** Hans, stone · **What happens:** say, bend down, shake off, crush · **To what, where:** this, head, stone, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hans, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg5615:13:43
# text = Saying this, he bent down his head and shook the stone off, so that it crushed one of the squire’s big toes.
1	Saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	bent	bend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	off	off	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	crushed	crush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	squire	squire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	’s	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Hans *not said here* | this |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent this=Topic |
| 2 | **bend down** | past | Hans | Hans's head |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent head=Material |
| 3 | **shake off** | past | Hans *not said here* | the stone |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent stone=Patient |
| 4 | **crush** | past | stone | one of the squire's big toes |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument one=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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