---
title: He found he had left his knife at home, but by good chance, there wa… — The Pink Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He found he had left his knife at home, but by good chance, there was a plough lying close at hand, so he took the coulter of this to cut the bread with. Who acts: way, plough. A sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg5615/13/79/)

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# The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 13, sentence 79

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He found he had left his knife at home, but by good chance, there was a plough lying close at hand, so he took the coulter of this to cut the bread with.

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**Who acts:** way, plough · **What happens:** find, leave, be, lie, take, cut · **To what, where:** knife, home, hand, coulter, bread · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (way, plough), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg5615:13:79
# text = He found he had left his knife at home, but by good chance, there was a plough lying close at hand, so he took the coulter of this to cut the bread with.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	17	expl	_	_
17	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	plough	plough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
20	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	acl	_	_
21	close	close	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	advmod	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	so	so	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	coulter	coulter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	29	nmod	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	advcl	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
36	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | way |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | past · perfect | way | way's knife |  | home |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent knife=Theme at home=Location |
| 3 | **be** | past | a plough |  |  | there |  | by good chance | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by chance=Location |
| 4 | **lie** | gerund | a plough *not said here* |  |  | hand |  | close *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at hand=Location |
| 5 | **take** | past | way | the coulter of this |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coulter=Theme |
| 6 | **cut** | to-infinitive | way *not said here* | the bread |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bread=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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