---
title: ‘Oh, dear friends!’ he cried, wringing his hands, ‘I am only a poor… — The Pink Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Oh, dear friends!’ he cried, wringing his hands, ‘I am only a poor shoemaker, and have nothing but this donkey left in the world.’ Who acts: dear friends, I. A sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 17, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 17, sentence 36

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Oh, dear friends!’ he cried, wringing his hands, ‘I am only a poor shoemaker, and have nothing but this donkey left in the world.’

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**Who acts:** dear friends, I · **What happens:** cry, wring, be, have, leave · **To what, where:** hands, poor shoemaker, nothing, donkey, world

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This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dear friends, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg5615:17:36
# text = ‘Oh, dear friends!’ he cried, wringing his hands, ‘I am only a poor shoemaker, and have nothing but this donkey left in the world.’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	dear	dear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	wringing	wring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
15	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
17	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
18	only	only	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	shoemaker	shoemaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
25	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	24	obj	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	28	det	_	_
28	donkey	donkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
29	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	acl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | dear friends |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **wring** | gerund | dear friends *not said here* | donkey's hands |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | present | I | a poor shoemaker |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** | present | dear friends *not said here* | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient |
| 5 | **leave** | participle |  | this donkey *not said here* |  |  |  | in the world *result* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in world=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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