---
title: ‘Il faut souffrir pour etre belle,’ said the barber, who had been in… — The Pink Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘Il faut souffrir pour etre belle,’ said the barber, who had been in France. Who acts: Il faut souffrir, barber. A sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 18, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 18, sentence 63

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‘Il faut souffrir pour etre belle,’ said the barber, who had been in France.

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**Who acts:** Il faut souffrir, barber · **What happens:** pour, say, be · **To what, where:** etre belle, barber, France · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Il faut souffrir, barber), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg5615:18:63
# text = ‘Il faut souffrir pour etre belle,’ said the barber, who had been in France.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Il	Il	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	faut	faut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	souffrir	souffrir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	pour	pour	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
6	etre	etre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	belle	belle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	barber	barber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
16	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	cop	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | present | Il faut souffrir | etre belle |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent belle=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  | the barber |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past · perfect | the barber |  |  | France |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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