---
title: Long ago there lived a rich merchant who, besides possessing more tr… — The Pink Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: Long ago there lived a rich merchant who, besides possessing more treasures than any king in the world, had in his great hall three chairs, one of silver, one of gold, and one of diamonds. Who acts: rich merchant. A sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 18, with
---

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# The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 18, sentence 68

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long ago there lived a rich merchant who, besides possessing more treasures than any king in the world, had in his great hall three chairs, one of silver, one of gold, and one of diamonds.

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**Who acts:** rich merchant · **What happens:** live, possess, have · **To what, where:** rich merchant, more treasures, three chairs, great hall

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This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rich merchant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg5615:18:68
# text = Long ago there lived a rich merchant who, besides possessing more treasures than any king in the world, had in his great hall three chairs, one of silver, one of gold, and one of diamonds.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
4	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	besides	besides	ADP	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	possessing	possess	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	treasures	treasure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	than	than	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
24	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
27	chairs	chair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	appos	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	conj	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	diamonds	diamond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a rich merchant |  | there |  | one of diamonds *obl*; ago *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme merchant=Location |
| 2 | **possess** | gerund | a rich merchant | more treasures |  |  |  | than any king in the world | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot treasure=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | past |  | three chairs |  | King's great hall |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chair=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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