---
title: But the horse said, ‘Oh, never lose heart, but jump on my back, and… — The Pink Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: But the horse said, ‘Oh, never lose heart, but jump on my back, and make me go till the foam flies in flecks all about me. Who acts: horse, me, foam. A sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 39, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 39, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the horse said, ‘Oh, never lose heart, but jump on my back, and make me go till the foam flies in flecks all about me.

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**Who acts:** horse, me, foam · **What happens:** say, not lose, jump, make, go, fly · **To what, where:** heart, back, me, flecks · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 39. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, me, foam), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg5615:39:1
# text = But the horse said, ‘Oh, never lose heart, but jump on my back, and make me go till the foam flies in flecks all about me.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	lose	lose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
11	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
21	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	flecks	fleck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
29	all	all	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
30	about	about	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the horse |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **lose** | infinitive |  | heart |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Eventuality |
| 3 | **jump** | infinitive |  |  |  | my back |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on back=Trajectory |
| 4 | **make** | infinitive |  | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **fly** | present | the foam |  |  | flecks |  | about me | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fleck=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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