---
title: He laughed immensely to himself at the thought of how cleverly he ha… — The Pink Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: He laughed immensely to himself at the thought of how cleverly he had managed and how he had cheated the little man. Who acts: remainder. A sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 7, sentence 76

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He laughed immensely to himself at the thought of how cleverly he had managed and how he had cheated the little man.

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**Who acts:** remainder · **What happens:** laugh, manage, cheat · **To what, where:** remainder, thought, little man

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This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (remainder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg5615:7:76
# text = He laughed immensely to himself at the thought of how cleverly he had managed and how he had cheated the little man.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	immensely	immensely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
11	cleverly	cleverly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	managed	manage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	cheated	cheat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | remainder |  | remainder | the thought |  | immensely *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to himself=Recipient |
| 2 | **manage** | past · perfect | remainder |  |  |  |  | cleverly *property* | vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cheat** | past · perfect | remainder | the little man |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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