---
title: One day he was in capital spirits because he had made a looking-glas… — The Pink Fairy Book · tree and pragmatics
description: One day he was in capital spirits because he had made a looking-glass which reflected everything that was good and beautiful in such a way that it dwindled almost to nothing, but anything that was bad and ugly stood out very clearly and looked much worse. Who acts: rain, looking glass, glass, anythi
---

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# The Pink Fairy Book, The Pink Fairy Book, part 8, sentence 38

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One day he was in capital spirits because he had made a looking-glass which reflected everything that was good and beautiful in such a way that it dwindled almost to nothing, but anything that was bad and ugly stood out very clearly and looked much worse.

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**Who acts:** rain, looking glass, glass, anything · **What happens:** be, make, look, reflect, dwindle, stand out · **To what, where:** capital spirits, looking glass, everything, way, nothing

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This is a sentence of «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, The Pink Fairy Book, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rain, looking glass, glass, anything), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg5615:8:38
# text = One day he was in capital spirits because he had made a looking-glass which reflected everything that was good and beautiful in such a way that it dwindled almost to nothing, but anything that was bad and ugly stood out very clearly and looked much worse.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	capital	capital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	acl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	reflected	reflect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	17	obj	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	acl:relcl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	conj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	27	det:predet	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	dwindled	dwindle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
31	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
32	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
35	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
36	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	42	nsubj	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	nsubj	_	_
38	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
39	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	acl:relcl	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	conj	_	_
42	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
43	out	out	ADP	RP	_	42	compound:prt	_	_
44	very	very	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
45	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	conj	_	_
48	much	much	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	_
49	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	47	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | rain |  |  | capital spirits | day |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past · perfect | rain | a looking glass |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Product |
| 3 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **reflect** | past | a looking glass | everything |  | such way |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **dwindle** | past | glass | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient nothing=Extent |
| 8 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | tree rules |
| 9 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **stand out** | past | anything |  |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 11 | **look** | past | anything *not said here* |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Pink Fairy Book» by Andrew Lang, Project Gutenberg book 5615 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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