---
title: The principal source for Russian folk-tales is the great collection… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The principal source for Russian folk-tales is the great collection of Afanáśev, a coeval of Rybnikov, Kirěyevski, Sakharov, Bezsonov, and others who all from about 1850 to 1870 laboriously took down from the lips of the peasants of all parts of Russia what they could of the endless store of traditi
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 18

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The principal source for Russian folk-tales is the great collection of Afanáśev, a coeval of Rybnikov, Kirěyevski, Sakharov, Bezsonov, and others who all from about 1850 to 1870 laboriously took down from the lips of the peasants of all parts of Russia what they could of the endless store of traditional song, ballad, and folk-tale.

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**Who acts:** principal source, others · **What happens:** be, take down · **To what, where:** great collection, others, 1850

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (principal source, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:1:19
# text = The principal source for Russian folk-tales is the great collection of Afanáśev, a coeval of Rybnikov, Kirěyevski, Sakharov, Bezsonov, and others who all from about 1850 to 1870 laboriously took down from the lips of the peasants of all parts of Russia what they could of the endless store of traditional song, ballad, and folk-tale.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	collection	collection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Afanáśev	Afanáśev	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	coeval	coeval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Rybnikov	Rybnikov	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	Kirěyevski	Kirěyevski	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	Sakharov	Sakharov	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Bezsonov	Bezsonov	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
29	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	37	nsubj	_	_
30	all	all	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	about	about	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	1850	1850	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	37	obl	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	1870	1870	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	33	nmod	_	_
36	laboriously	laboriously	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
38	down	down	ADP	RP	_	37	compound:prt	_	_
39	from	from	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	peasants	peasant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nmod	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	47	det	_	_
47	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nmod	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	_
50	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	37	obj	_	_
51	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
52	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	50	acl:relcl	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
55	endless	endless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	56	amod	_	_
56	store	store	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obl	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
59	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	61	punct	_	_
61	ballad	ballad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
63	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
64	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	66	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	64	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the principal source for Russian folk tales | the great collection and others |  |  |  | of Afanáśev; others *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take down** | past | others | others |  | 1850 to 1870 |  | from the lips of the peasants of all parts of Russia; folk tale *obl*; laboriously *property* | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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