---
title: In Pagan times, there always existed a double religion, the ceremoni… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: In Pagan times, there always existed a double religion, the ceremonial worship of the gods of nature and the tribal deities,—a realm of thought in which all current philosophy and idealism entered into a set form that symbolized the State,—and also local cults and superstitions, the adoration of the
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 21

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In Pagan times, there always existed a double religion, the ceremonial worship of the gods of nature and the tribal deities,—a realm of thought in which all current philosophy and idealism entered into a set form that symbolized the State,—and also local cults and superstitions, the adoration of the spirits of streams, wells, hills, etc. To all Aryan peoples, Nature has always been alive, but never universalized, or romanticized, as in modern days; wherever you were, the brook, the wind, the knoll, the stream were all inhabited by agencies, which could be propitiated, cajoled, threatened, but, under all conditions, were personal forces, who could not be disregarded.

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**Who acts:** current philosophy, set form, Nature, you, agencies, gods · **What happens:** exist, enter, symbolize, be, not universalize, romanticize · **To what, where:** double religion, realm, State, brook, local cults, agencies

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (current philosophy, set form, Nature, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:1:22
# text = In Pagan times, there always existed a double religion, the ceremonial worship of the gods of nature and the tribal deities,—a realm of thought in which all current philosophy and idealism entered into a set form that symbolized the State,—and also local cults and superstitions, the adoration of the spirits of streams, wells, hills, etc. To all Aryan peoples, Nature has always been alive, but never universalized, or romanticized, as in modern days; wherever you were, the brook, the wind, the knoll, the stream were all inhabited by agencies, which could be propitiated, cajoled, threatened, but, under all conditions, were personal forces, who could not be disregarded.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	Pagan	pagan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
6	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	7	advmod	_	_
7	existed	exist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	double	double	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	ceremonial	ceremonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	worship	worship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	tribal	tribal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	deities	deity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	realm	realm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	obl	_	_
32	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	34	det	_	_
33	current	current	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	idealism	idealism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
37	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	parataxis	_	_
38	into	into	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	set	set	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
42	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	43	nsubj	_	_
43	symbolized	symbolize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	acl:relcl	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	108	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	108	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	108	cc	_	_
49	also	also	ADV	RB	_	51	advmod	_	_
50	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	cults	cult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	108	nsubj:pass	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	superstitions	superstition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	adoration	adoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	conj	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	56	nmod	_	_
60	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
61	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
63	wells	well	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
65	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	67	punct	_	_
67	etc.	etc.	NOUN	FW	Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur	56	conj	_	_
68	To	to	ADP	IN	_	71	case	_	_
69	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	71	det	_	_
70	Aryan	Aryan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	71	amod	_	_
71	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	56	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	77	punct	_	_
73	Nature	Nature	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	77	nsubj	_	_
74	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	77	aux	_	_
75	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	77	advmod	_	_
76	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	77	cop	_	_
77	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	56	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
78	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	81	punct	_	_
79	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	81	cc	_	_
80	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	81	advmod	_	_
81	universalized	universalize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	77	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
82	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	84	punct	_	_
83	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	84	cc	_	_
84	romanticized	romanticize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	81	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
85	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	89	punct	_	_
86	as	as	ADP	IN	_	89	case	_	_
87	in	in	ADP	IN	_	89	case	_	_
88	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	89	amod	_	_
89	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	84	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
90	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	96	punct	_	_
91	wherever	wherever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	96	advmod	_	_
92	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	96	nsubj	_	_
93	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	96	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
94	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	96	punct	_	_
95	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	96	det	_	_
96	brook	brook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
97	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	99	punct	_	_
98	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	99	det	_	_
99	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	96	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
100	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	102	punct	_	_
101	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	102	det	_	_
102	knoll	knoll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	99	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
103	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	105	punct	_	_
104	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	105	det	_	_
105	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	99	conj	_	_
106	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	108	aux:pass	_	_
107	all	all	ADV	RB	_	108	advmod	_	_
108	inhabited	inhabit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	37	conj	_	_
109	by	by	ADP	IN	_	110	case	_	_
110	agencies	agency	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	108	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
111	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	115	punct	_	_
112	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	115	nsubj:pass	_	_
113	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	115	aux	_	_
114	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	115	aux:pass	_	_
115	propitiated	propitiate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	110	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
116	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	117	punct	_	_
117	cajoled	cajole	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	115	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
118	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	119	punct	_	_
119	threatened	threaten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	115	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
120	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	135	punct	_	_
121	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	135	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
122	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	121	punct	_	_
123	under	under	ADP	IN	_	125	case	_	_
124	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	125	det	_	_
125	conditions	condition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	135	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
126	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	125	punct	_	_
127	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	135	aux:pass	_	_
128	personal	personal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	129	amod	_	_
129	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	135	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
130	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	135	punct	_	_
131	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	135	nsubj:pass	_	_
132	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	135	aux	_	_
133	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	135	advmod	_	_
134	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	135	aux:pass	_	_
135	disregarded	disregard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
136	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | past |  | a double religion |  | there | time | a realm of thought *obl*; always *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **enter** | past | all current philosophy and idealism |  |  | a realm of thought |  | into a set form | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into form=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **symbolize** | past | a set form | the State |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot state=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present · perfect | Nature |  |  |  |  | alive, always *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **universalize** | participle | Nature *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **romanticize** | participle | Nature *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **is a** | past | you | the brook |  |  |  | the wind and the knoll and the stream *appos*; wherever *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **inhabit** | past · passive | agencies | local cults and superstitions and the adoration of the spirits of streams and wells and hills to all Aryan peoples and etc. and the brook |  |  |  | all *property* | tree rules |
| 9 | **propitiate** | could · passive |  | agencies |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **cajole** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 11 | **threaten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 12 | **not** **disregard** | could · past · passive |  | personal forces |  | all conditions |  | who *nsubj:pass* | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 13 | **worship** |  | the gods of nature and the tribal deities |  |  |  |  |  | nom worship «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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