--- title: Secondly, the ballads or _bylíny_; epic songs in an ancient metre, n… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics description: Secondly, the ballads or _bylíny_; epic songs in an ancient metre, narrating historical episodes as they occur; and also comprising a cycle of heroic romance, comparable with the _chansons de geste_ of Charlemagne, the cycles of Finn and Cuchúlain of the Irish, and possibly with the little minor epi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/1/29/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Russian Folk-Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/) / [Opening, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/1/) / 29 # Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 29 Secondly, the ballads or \_bylíny\_; epic songs in an ancient metre, narrating historical episodes as they occur; and also comprising a cycle of heroic romance, comparable with the \_chansons de geste\_ of Charlemagne, the cycles of Finn and Cuchúlain of the Irish, and possibly with the little minor epics out of which it is supposed that some supreme Greek genius built up the artistic epics of the Iliad and the Odyssey. **Who acts:** episodes, ballads, some, supreme Greek genius · **What happens:** narrate, occur, comprise, suppose, genius, build up · **To what, where:** historical episodes, cycle, little minor epics, artistic epics, ballads This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (episodes, ballads, some, supreme Greek genius), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg62509:1:30 # text = Secondly, the ballads or _bylíny_; epic songs in an ancient metre, narrating historical episodes as they occur; and also comprising a cycle of heroic romance, comparable with the _chansons de geste_ of Charlemagne, the cycles of Finn and Cuchúlain of the Irish, and possibly with the little minor epics out of which it is supposed that some supreme Greek genius built up the artistic epics of the Iliad and the Odyssey. 1 Secondly secondly ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 ballads ballad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 5 or or CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 6 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 7 bylíny bylíny NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 8 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 7 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 9 ; ; PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 10 epic epic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 songs song NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 ancient ancient ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 metre metre NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 narrating narrate VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 conj _ _ 18 historical historical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 episodes episode NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 as as SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 21 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 occur occur VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 also also ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 comprising comprise VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 acl _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 cycle cycle NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 heroic heroic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 romance romance NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 33 comparable comparable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 34 with with ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 36 _ _ ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 37 chansons chanson NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ _ 38 de de ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 geste geste NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 40 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 42 punct _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 Charlemagne Charlemagne PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 cycles cycle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 conj _ _ 46 of of ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 Finn Finn PROPN NNP Number=Sing 45 nmod _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 49 Cuchúlain Cuchúlain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 conj _ _ 50 of of ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 Irish Irish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 49 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 53 , , PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ _ 54 and and CCONJ CC _ 60 cc _ _ 55 possibly possibly ADV RB _ 60 advmod _ _ 56 with with ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 57 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 58 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 60 amod _ _ 59 minor minor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 60 amod _ _ 60 epics epic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 appos _ _ 61 out out ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 62 of of ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 63 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 66 obl _ _ 64 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 66 nsubj:pass _ _ 65 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 66 aux:pass _ _ 66 supposed suppose VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 60 parataxis _ _ 67 that that SCONJ IN _ 71 mark _ _ 68 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 71 nsubj _ _ 69 supreme supreme ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 71 amod _ _ 70 Greek Greek ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 71 amod _ _ 71 genius genius NOUN NN Number=Sing 66 xcomp _ _ 72 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 71 acl _ _ 73 up up ADP RP _ 72 compound:prt _ _ 74 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 76 det _ _ 75 artistic artistic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 76 amod _ _ 76 epics epic NOUN NNS Number=Plur 72 obj _ _ 77 of of ADP IN _ 79 case _ _ 78 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 79 det _ _ 79 Iliad Iliad PROPN NNP Number=Sing 76 nmod _ _ 80 and and CCONJ CC _ 82 cc _ _ 81 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 82 det _ _ 82 Odyssey Odyssey PROPN NNP Number=Sing 79 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 83 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **narrate** *speech: other* | gerund | | historical episodes | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent episode=Topic | | 2 | **occur** | present | episodes *= episode* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **comprise** | gerund | the ballads or bylíny and epic songs in a ancient metre *not said here* | a cycle of heroic romance | | | | of Charlemagne and the cycles of Finn and Cuchúlain of the Irish | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cycle=Pivot | | 4 | **suppose** | present · passive | | cycle | | the little minor epics | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute | | 5 | **genius** | | some | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **build up** | participle | supreme Greek genius *not said here* | the artistic epics of the Iliad and the Odyssey | | | | | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer epic=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/1/28/) - next →: [sentence 30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/1/30/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/1/)