---
title: These _bylíny_ may be ranked as fiction: i.e. as facts of real life… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: These _bylíny_ may be ranked as fiction: i.e. as facts of real life (as then understood), applied to non-existent, unvouched, or legendary individuals. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 30

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These \_bylíny\_ may be ranked as fiction: i.e. as facts of real life (as then understood), applied to non-existent, unvouched, or legendary individuals.

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**What happens:** rank, understand, apply · **To what, where:** bylíny

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:1:31
# text = These _bylíny_ may be ranked as fiction: i.e. as facts of real life (as then understood), applied to non-existent, unvouched, or legendary individuals.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	bylíny	bylíny	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	ranked	rank	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fiction	fiction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	i.e.	i.e.	ADV	FW	_	7	parataxis	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
20	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	applied	apply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
25	non-existent	non-existent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	unvouched	unvouched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	legendary	legendary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	individuals	individual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rank** | may · passive |  | this bylíny |  |  |  | as fiction | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme as fiction=Attribute |
| 2 | **understand** | past |  |  |  |  | then |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **apply** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to non-existent legendary individuals | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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