---
title: Saint Nicholas is the worker of miracles; and Saint Elias has had so… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Saint Nicholas is the worker of miracles; and Saint Elias has had some of the powers of the thundergod transferred to him. Who acts: Saint Nicholas, Saint, some. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 67

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Saint Nicholas is the worker of miracles; and Saint Elias has had some of the powers of the thundergod transferred to him.

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**Who acts:** Saint Nicholas, Saint, some · **What happens:** be, have, transfer · **To what, where:** worker, Nicholas

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saint Nicholas, Saint, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:1:68
# text = Saint Nicholas is the worker of miracles; and Saint Elias has had some of the powers of the thundergod transferred to him.
1	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Nicholas	Nicholas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	miracles	miracle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	Elias	Elias	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	_
14	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	nsubj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	thundergod	thundergod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	transferred	transfer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Saint Nicholas | the worker |  |  |  | of miracles | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present · perfect | Saint |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **transfer** | past | some of the powers of the thundergod |  | Nicholas |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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