---
title: But Bulgaria, Little-Russia, Serbia, Bohemia, and all the Slav count… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But Bulgaria, Little-Russia, Serbia, Bohemia, and all the Slav countries have similar compilations; and every one of these nationalities is as strongly individualized, as are, say, the Danes, the Dutch, and the Germans. Who acts: Bulgaria. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Openi
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 1, sentence 79

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But Bulgaria, Little-Russia, Serbia, Bohemia, and all the Slav countries have similar compilations; and every one of these nationalities is as strongly individualized, as are, say, the Danes, the Dutch, and the Germans.

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**Who acts:** Bulgaria · **What happens:** have, individualize, be, say · **To what, where:** similar compilations, one, Danes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bulgaria), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:1:80
# text = But Bulgaria, Little-Russia, Serbia, Bohemia, and all the Slav countries have similar compilations; and every one of these nationalities is as strongly individualized, as are, say, the Danes, the Dutch, and the Germans.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
2	Bulgaria	Bulgaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Serbia	Serbia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	Bohemia	bohemia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
13	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Slav	Slav	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	compilations	compilation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
22	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	23	det	_	_
23	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	26	det	_	_
26	nationalities	nationality	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
28	as	as	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
29	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	individualized	individualize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
33	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	Danes	Dane	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	Dutch	dutch	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	Germans	German	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Bulgaria and Little Russia and Serbia | similar compilations |  |  |  | all Slav countries *nsubj*; the Germans *conj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent compilation=Patient |
| 2 | **individualize** | present · passive |  | every one of this nationalities |  |  |  | strongly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  | the Danes |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent dane=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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