---
title: There was once, in a certain kingdom, a certain state, where there l… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: There was once, in a certain kingdom, a certain state, where there lived Tsar Výslav Andrónovich, who had three sons: the first was called Dmítri Tsarévich, the second Vasíli Tsarévich, and the third Iván Tsarévich. Who acts: Tsar, three sons. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, O
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 10, sentence 56

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There was once, in a certain kingdom, a certain state, where there lived Tsar Výslav Andrónovich, who had three sons: the first was called Dmítri Tsarévich, the second Vasíli Tsarévich, and the third Iván Tsarévich.

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**Who acts:** Tsar, three sons · **What happens:** be, live, have, call · **To what, where:** three sons, first · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar, three sons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:10:56
# text = There was once, in a certain kingdom, a certain state, where there lived Tsar Výslav Andrónovich, who had three sons: the first was called Dmítri Tsarévich, the second Vasíli Tsarévich, and the third Iván Tsarévich.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
15	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	16	expl	_	_
16	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
17	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
18	Výslav	Výslav	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	_
19	Andrónovich	Andrónovich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
23	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nummod	_	_
24	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	_
30	Dmítri	Dmítri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	xcomp	_	_
31	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	35	amod	_	_
35	Vasíli	Vasíli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
36	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
40	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	42	amod	_	_
41	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	compound	_	_
42	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past |  |  |  | there |  | a certain kingdom *parataxis*; once *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | past |  |  |  | there |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | past | Tsar | three sons |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |
| 4 | **call** | past · passive | three sons *not said here* | the first |  |  |  | Dmítri and the second Vasíli *xcomp*; the third Iván Tsarévich *conj* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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