---
title: Tsar Výslav was very glad that his youngest son had succeeded, altho… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Tsar Výslav was very glad that his youngest son had succeeded, although he had only a single feather; and this feather was so marvellous and bright that you had only to take it into some dark attic and it shone as bright as the red sun. Tsar Výslav put the feather into his cabinet as an article whic
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 10, sentence 74

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Tsar Výslav was very glad that his youngest son had succeeded, although he had only a single feather; and this feather was so marvellous and bright that you had only to take it into some dark attic and it shone as bright as the red sun. Tsar Výslav put the feather into his cabinet as an article which he must keep for ever; and from that time forward the Bird of Light never flew into the garden.

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**Who acts:** Tsar, IVÁN, feather, you, BIRD, red sun. · **What happens:** be, succeed, have, take, shine, put · **To what, where:** youngest son, single feather, BIRD, dark attic, feather, cabinet

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsar, IVÁN, feather, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:10:74
# text = Tsar Výslav was very glad that his youngest son had succeeded, although he had only a single feather; and this feather was so marvellous and bright that you had only to take it into some dark attic and it shone as bright as the red sun. Tsar Výslav put the feather into his cabinet as an article which he must keep for ever; and from that time forward the Bird of Light never flew into the garden.
1	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Výslav	Výslav	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	succeeded	succeed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	only	only	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
23	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	so	so	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	marvellous	marvellous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
30	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
31	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	advcl	_	_
32	only	only	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	xcomp	_	_
35	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	into	into	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	39	det	_	_
38	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	attic	attic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
41	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
42	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	conj	_	_
43	as	as	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	_
44	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	xcomp	_	_
45	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	51	mark	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
47	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	_
48	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	nsubj	_	_
49	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	appos	_	_
50	Výslav	Výslav	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	49	flat	_	_
51	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	44	advcl	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obj	_	_
54	into	into	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	56	nmod:poss	_	_
56	cabinet	cabinet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	_
57	as	as	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	_
60	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	63	nsubj	_	_
61	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	63	nsubj	_	_
62	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	63	aux	_	_
63	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	59	acl:relcl	_	_
64	for	for	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
65	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	63	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
67	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	71	cc	_	_
68	from	from	ADP	IN	_	70	case	_	_
69	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	70	det	_	_
70	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	obl	_	_
71	forward	forward	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
72	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	73	det	_	_
73	Bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	77	nsubj	_	_
74	of	of	ADP	IN	_	75	case	_	_
75	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	73	nmod	_	_
76	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	77	advmod	_	_
77	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	71	parataxis	_	_
78	into	into	ADP	IN	_	80	case	_	_
79	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	80	det	_	_
80	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	77	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
81	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Tsar |  |  |  |  | glad *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **succeed** | past · perfect · passive |  | IVÁN's youngest son |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | past | IVÁN *= iván* | a single feather |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | past | this feather |  |  |  |  | marvellous *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | this feather *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **have** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **take** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | BIRD |  | some dark attic |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme into attic=Destination |
| 8 | **shine** | past | BIRD |  |  |  |  | bright *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **put** | past | the red sun. | the feather |  | IVÁN's cabinet |  | as a article | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent feather=Goal |
| 10 | **keep** | must | a article |  |  |  |  | IVÁN *= iván* *nsubj* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 11 | **forward** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 12 | **not** **fly** | past | the Bird of Light |  |  |  |  | into the garden *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into garden=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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