---
title: The grey Wolf asked him, “Why are you weeping, Tsarévich?” — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The grey Wolf asked him, “Why are you weeping, Tsarévich?” Who acts: grey Wolf, Iván. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 22

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The grey Wolf asked him, “Why are you weeping, Tsarévich?”

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**Who acts:** grey Wolf, Iván · **What happens:** ask, weep · **To what, where:** Iván, Tsarévich · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grey Wolf, Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:11:22
# text = The grey Wolf asked him, “Why are you weeping, Tsarévich?”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	weeping	weep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the grey Wolf |  | Iván |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **weep** *in a quote* | present · progressive | Iván | Tsarévich |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tsarévich=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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