---
title: And Iván Tsarévich answered him, “O my friend, the grey Wolf, how sh… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And Iván Tsarévich answered him, “O my friend, the grey Wolf, how shall it be to me, the doughty youth, not to weep, not to be afflicted? Who acts: Iván, sun. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 23

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And Iván Tsarévich answered him, “O my friend, the grey Wolf, how shall it be to me, the doughty youth, not to weep, not to be afflicted?

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**Who acts:** Iván, sun · **What happens:** answer, be, not weep, not afflict · **To what, where:** Tsarévich · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:11:23
# text = And Iván Tsarévich answered him, “O my friend, the grey Wolf, how shall it be to me, the doughty youth, not to weep, not to be afflicted?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	O	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	10	case	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
17	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	cop	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	doughty	doughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	weep	weep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	34	advmod	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
33	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	afflicted	afflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: ask* | past | Iván |  | Tsarévich |  |  | my friend and the doughty youth *conj* | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | shall | sun |  |  |  |  | to Iván | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **weep** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Iván *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **afflict** *in a quote* | to-infinitive · passive | Iván *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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