---
title: Then the grey Wolf struck the grey earth and became the golden-maned… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the grey Wolf struck the grey earth and became the golden-maned horse; and Iván Tsarévich left the Fair Eléna in the green meadow, sat on the grey Wolf and went into the palace to Tsar Dolmát; and as soon as ever Tsar Dolmát saw Iván Tsarévich, that he was riding the golden-maned horse, he came
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 37

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the grey Wolf struck the grey earth and became the golden-maned horse; and Iván Tsarévich left the Fair Eléna in the green meadow, sat on the grey Wolf and went into the palace to Tsar Dolmát; and as soon as ever Tsar Dolmát saw Iván Tsarévich, that he was riding the golden-maned horse, he came out of his palace, met the Tsarévich in the open courtyard, kissed him on his smooth cheeks, took him by his right hand and led him into the white-stoned palace.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** grey Wolf, Iván, Tsar · **What happens:** strike, become, leave, sit, go, see · **To what, where:** grey earth, golden maned horse, Fair Eléna, green meadow, grey Wolf, palace

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grey Wolf, Iván, Tsar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:11:37
# text = Then the grey Wolf struck the grey earth and became the golden-maned horse; and Iván Tsarévich left the Fair Eléna in the green meadow, sat on the grey Wolf and went into the palace to Tsar Dolmát; and as soon as ever Tsar Dolmát saw Iván Tsarévich, that he was riding the golden-maned horse, he came out of his palace, met the Tsarévich in the open courtyard, kissed him on his smooth cheeks, took him by his right hand and led him into the white-stoned palace.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	maned	maned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
20	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	Fair	Fair	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	Eléna	Eléna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	meadow	meadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
30	on	on	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
36	into	into	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	Dolmát	Dolmát	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	50	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
44	as	as	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
45	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	50	advmod	_	_
46	as	as	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	45	obl	_	_
48	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	nsubj	_	_
49	Dolmát	Dolmát	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	flat	_	_
50	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
51	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	obj	_	_
52	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
54	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	57	mark	_	_
55	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	57	nsubj	_	_
56	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	57	aux	_	_
57	riding	ride	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	50	advcl	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
59	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	59	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	maned	maned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	_
62	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
64	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	65	nsubj	_	_
65	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
66	out	out	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
67	of	of	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
68	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	69	nmod:poss	_	_
69	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	65	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
71	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	65	conj	_	_
72	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	73	det	_	_
73	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	71	obj	_	_
74	in	in	ADP	IN	_	77	case	_	_
75	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	77	det	_	_
76	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	77	amod	_	_
77	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
78	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	79	punct	_	_
79	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
80	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	79	obj	_	_
81	on	on	ADP	IN	_	84	case	_	_
82	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	84	nmod:poss	_	_
83	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	84	amod	_	_
84	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	79	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
85	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	86	punct	_	_
86	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
87	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	86	obj	_	_
88	by	by	ADP	IN	_	91	case	_	_
89	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	91	nmod:poss	_	_
90	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	91	amod	_	_
91	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	86	obl	_	_
92	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	93	cc	_	_
93	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	86	conj	_	_
94	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	93	obj	_	_
95	into	into	ADP	IN	_	100	case	_	_
96	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	100	det	_	_
97	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	99	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
98	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	97	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
99	stoned	stone	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	100	amod	_	_
100	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	93	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
101	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | past | the grey Wolf | the grey earth |  |  | then |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Patient |
| 2 | **become** | past | the grey Wolf *not said here* | the golden maned horse |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **leave** | past | Iván | the Fair Eléna |  | the green meadow |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent eléna=Theme in meadow=Location |
| 4 | **sit** | past |  |  |  | the grey Wolf |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on wolf=Location |
| 5 | **go** | past |  |  |  | the palace to Tsar |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into palace=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **see** | past | Tsar | Iván |  |  | ever | soon *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer iván=Stimulus |
| 7 | **ride** | past · progressive | Iván | the golden maned horse |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |
| 8 | **come out** | past | Iván | Iván's palace |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient palace=Result |
| 9 | **meet** | past | Iván *not said here* | the Tsarévich |  | the open courtyard |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tsarévich=Co-Agent |
| 10 | **kiss** | past |  | Iván |  | Iván's smooth cheeks |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Co-Agent |
| 11 | **take** | past |  |  | Iván |  |  | by Iván's right hand | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument he=Destination |
| 12 | **lead** | past |  | Iván |  | the stoned palace |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme into palace=Destination |
| 13 | **stone** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pelt-17.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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