---
title: The grey Wolf spoke these words and went into the forest; and Iván T… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The grey Wolf spoke these words and went into the forest; and Iván Tsarévich wept bitterly for the grey Wolf, and went on his road with the fair Eléna on the golden-maned horse. Who acts: grey Wolf, Iván. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tr
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 45

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The grey Wolf spoke these words and went into the forest; and Iván Tsarévich wept bitterly for the grey Wolf, and went on his road with the fair Eléna on the golden-maned horse.

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**Who acts:** grey Wolf, Iván · **What happens:** speak, go, weep · **To what, where:** words, forest, road · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grey Wolf, Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:11:45
# text = The grey Wolf spoke these words and went into the forest; and Iván Tsarévich wept bitterly for the grey Wolf, and went on his road with the fair Eléna on the golden-maned horse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	_
16	wept	weep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	Wolf	Wolf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	Eléna	Eléna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
32	on	on	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
34	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	maned	maned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the grey Wolf | this words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | past | the grey Wolf *not said here* |  |  | the forest |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into forest=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **weep** | past | Iván |  |  |  |  | for the grey Wolf; bitterly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **go** | past | Iván *not said here* |  |  | Iván's road |  | with the fair Eléna; on the golden maned horse | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with eléna=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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