--- title: And before he reached his own kingdom and when he was only twenty _v… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics description: And before he reached his own kingdom and when he was only twenty _versts_ off, he stopped, got off his horse, and together with the fair Eléna went under a tree: he tied the golden-maned horse to that same tree, and he took the cage with the Bird of Light with him; and lying on the grass engaged in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/11/46/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Russian Folk-Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/) / [Opening, part 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/11/) / 46 # Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 46 And before he reached his own kingdom and when he was only twenty \_versts\_ off, he stopped, got off his horse, and together with the fair Eléna went under a tree: he tied the golden-maned horse to that same tree, and he took the cage with the Bird of Light with him; and lying on the grass engaged in loving conversations they went to sleep. **Who acts:** Iván, fair Eléna, lying, conversations · **What happens:** reach, be, stop, get off, go, tie · **To what, where:** own kingdom, twenty versts, horse, tree, golden maned horse, cage This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, fair Eléna, lying, conversations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg62509:11:46 # text = And before he reached his own kingdom and when he was only twenty _versts_ off, he stopped, got off his horse, and together with the fair Eléna went under a tree: he tied the golden-maned horse to that same tree, and he took the cage with the Bird of Light with him; and lying on the grass engaged in loving conversations they went to sleep. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 before before SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 3 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 6 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 kingdom kingdom NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 9 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 15 advmod _ _ 10 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 11 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 12 only only ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 twenty twenty NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 14 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 15 versts verst NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 16 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 17 punct _ _ 17 off off ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 stopped stop VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 23 off off ADP RP _ 22 compound:prt _ _ 24 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 together together ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 29 with with SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 fair fair ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 Eléna Eléna PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 33 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 34 under under ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 37 : : PUNCT : _ 39 punct _ _ 38 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 39 tied tie VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 41 golden golden ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 42 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 41 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 43 maned maned ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obj _ _ 45 to to ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 46 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 48 det _ _ 47 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 49 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 50 and and CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 51 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 nsubj _ _ 52 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 conj _ _ 53 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 54 cage cage NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 obj _ _ 55 with with ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 Bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 obl _ _ 58 of of ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 59 Light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 nmod _ _ 60 with with ADP IN _ 61 case _ _ 61 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 59 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 62 ; ; PUNCT , _ 68 punct _ _ 63 and and CCONJ CC _ 68 cc _ _ 64 lying lie VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 68 csubj _ _ 65 on on ADP IN _ 67 case _ _ 66 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 67 det _ _ 67 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 64 obl _ _ 68 engaged engage VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 69 in in ADP IN _ 71 case _ _ 70 loving loving ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 71 amod _ _ 71 conversations conversation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 68 obl _ _ 72 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 73 nsubj _ _ 73 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 71 acl:relcl _ _ 74 to to PART TO _ 75 mark _ _ 75 sleep sleep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 73 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 76 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **reach** | past | Iván | Iván's own kingdom | | | | together *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent kingdom=Theme | | 2 | **is a** | past | Iván | twenty versts | | | | off *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **stop** | past | Iván | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 4 | **get off** | past | Iván *not said here* | Iván's horse | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer horse=Stimulus | | 5 | **go** | past | the fair Eléna | | | a tree | | | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under tree=Location | | 6 | **tie** | past | Iván | the golden maned horse | | | | to that same tree | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent horse=Patient to tree=Co-Patient | | 7 | **take** | past | Iván | the cage | | | | with the Bird of Light with Eléna | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cage=Theme | | 8 | **lie** | gerund | | | | the grass | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on grass=Location | | 9 | **engage** | past | lying | | | | | in loving conversations *goal* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent in conversation=Goal | | 10 | **go** | past | conversations *= conversation* | loving conversations *not said here* | | | | | tree rules | | 11 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | conversations *= conversation* *not said here* | | | | | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/11/45/) - next →: [sentence 47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/11/47/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/11/)