---
title: And the fair Princess Eléna, seeing Iván Tsarévich dead, was sore af… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And the fair Princess Eléna, seeing Iván Tsarévich dead, was sore afraid, and with bitter tears spake. Who acts: fair Princess Eléna. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 11, sentence 52

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And the fair Princess Eléna, seeing Iván Tsarévich dead, was sore afraid, and with bitter tears spake.

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**Who acts:** fair Princess Eléna · **What happens:** see, be · **To what, where:** Iván

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fair Princess Eléna), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:11:52
# text = And the fair Princess Eléna, seeing Iván Tsarévich dead, was sore afraid, and with bitter tears spake.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	Princess	Princess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Eléna	Eléna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	compound	_	_
20	spake	speak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | gerund | the fair Princess Eléna *not said here* | Iván |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer iván=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past | the fair Princess Eléna |  |  |  |  | with tears spake; afraid *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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