---
title: So they made him mount one rung higher, and again the old man said t… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: So they made him mount one rung higher, and again the old man said to him: “Pope, who ate my wafers up?” Who acts: wafers, pope, old man. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 12, sentence 84

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So they made him mount one rung higher, and again the old man said to him: “Pope, who ate my wafers up?”

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**Who acts:** wafers, pope, old man · **What happens:** make, mount, say, eat, wafer up · **To what, where:** pope, one rung · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wafers, pope, old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:12:84
# text = So they made him mount one rung higher, and again the old man said to him: “Pope, who ate my wafers up?”
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	mount	mount	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	rung	rung	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
19	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
24	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	wafers	wafer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	parataxis	_	_
26	up	up	ADP	RP	_	25	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | wafers *= wafer* | pope |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mount** | infinitive | pope *not said here* | one rung |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rung=Patient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | the old man |  | pope |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
| 4 | **eat** *in a quote* | past | Pope |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **wafer up** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | my *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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