---
title: “We’ll see who’ll have the last word if it comes to eating,” said th… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “We’ll see who’ll have the last word if it comes to eating,” said the soldier, shook the nosebag open, and asked, “What is this?” Who acts: We, word, soldier. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 13, sentence 1

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“We’ll see who’ll have the last word if it comes to eating,” said the soldier, shook the nosebag open, and asked, “What is this?”

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**Who acts:** We, word, soldier · **What happens:** see, have, come, say, shake, ask · **To what, where:** last word, eating, nosebag, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, word, soldier), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:13:1
# text = “We’ll see who’ll have the last word if it comes to eating,” said the soldier, shook the nosebag open, and asked, “What is this?”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	’ll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	ccomp	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	’ll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	eating	eating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
18	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	nosebag	nosebag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	33	nsubj	_	_
32	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
33	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** *in a quote* | future | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **have** *in a quote* | future |  | the last word |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
| 3 | **come** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | word |  |  | eating |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to eating=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the soldier |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **shake** | past | the soldier *not said here* | the nosebag |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent nosebag=Patient |
| 6 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the soldier *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **is a** *in a quote* | present |  | this |  |  |  | What *nsubj* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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