---
title: And when Death was standing very near him, she said, “Now, discharge… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And when Death was standing very near him, she said, “Now, discharged soldier, say good-bye quickly—you have only three minutes left to live in the bright world.” Who acts: Death, Majesty, you, three minutes. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 13, with its dependenc
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 13, sentence 76

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And when Death was standing very near him, she said, “Now, discharged soldier, say good-bye quickly—you have only three minutes left to live in the bright world.”

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**Who acts:** Death, Majesty, you, three minutes · **What happens:** stand, say, discharge, have, leave, live · **To what, where:** soldier, good bye, three minutes, bright world · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Death, Majesty, you, three minutes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:13:76
# text = And when Death was standing very near him, she said, “Now, discharged soldier, say good-bye quickly—you have only three minutes left to live in the bright world.”
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
3	Death	Death	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	ccomp	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	discharged	discharge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	ccomp	_	_
17	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	16	parataxis	_	_
20	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	bye	bye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
23	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	parataxis	_	_
27	only	only	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
30	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	acl	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past · progressive | Death |  |  |  |  | near soldier | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near he=Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Majesty |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **discharge** *in a quote* | participle |  | soldier |  |  | now |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive |  | good bye |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent bye=Topic |
| 5 | **have** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  | minute |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **leave** *in a quote* | participle |  | three minutes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **live** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | three minutes *not said here* |  |  | the bright world |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in world=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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