---
title: The glimmer in the eyes of the skulls had dimmed; the white horseman… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The glimmer in the eyes of the skulls had dimmed; the white horseman raced by: and it dawned. Who acts: glimmer. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 14, sentence 128

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The glimmer in the eyes of the skulls had dimmed; the white horseman raced by: and it dawned.

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**Who acts:** glimmer · **What happens:** dim, race, dawn · **To what, where:** glimmer, white horseman

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glimmer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:14:128
# text = The glimmer in the eyes of the skulls had dimmed; the white horseman raced by: and it dawned.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	glimmer	glimmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	skulls	skull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	dimmed	dim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	horseman	horseman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	raced	race	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	dawned	dawn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dim** | past · perfect · passive |  | the glimmer in the eyes of the skulls |  |  |  | the white horseman *obl* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **race** | participle |  | the white horseman *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **dawn** | past | glimmer |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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