---
title: Without her the maiden could never have done her task. — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Without her the maiden could never have done her task. Who acts: VASILÍSA. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 14, sentence 53

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Without her the maiden could never have done her task.

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**Who acts:** VASILÍSA · **What happens:** not do, task · **To what, where:** maiden

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (VASILÍSA), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:14:53
# text = Without her the maiden could never have done her task.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	maiden	maiden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
6	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
8	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	task	task	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **do** | could · perfect · passive |  | the maiden |  |  |  | without VASILÍSA *= vasilísa*; VASILÍSA's task *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **task** |  | VASILÍSA *= vasilísa* |  |  |  |  |  | nom task «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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