---
title: The candle burned down, and one of the stepmother’s daughters took t… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The candle burned down, and one of the stepmother’s daughters took the snuffers in order to cut down the wick. Who acts: candle, one. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 14, sentence 71

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The candle burned down, and one of the stepmother’s daughters took the snuffers in order to cut down the wick.

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**Who acts:** candle, one · **What happens:** burn down, take, cut down · **To what, where:** snuffers, order, wick

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (candle, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:14:71
# text = The candle burned down, and one of the stepmother’s daughters took the snuffers in order to cut down the wick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stepmother	stepmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’s	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
13	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	snuffers	snuffer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
20	down	down	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	wick	wick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn down** | participle | the candle |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **take** | past | one of the stepmother's daughters | the snuffers |  | order |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent snuffer=Value in order=Location |
| 3 | **cut down** | to-infinitive | one of the stepmother's daughters *not said here* | the wick |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wick=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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