---
title: “I only have one little crust of bread and a mere handful of flour,… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “I only have one little crust of bread and a mere handful of flour, and my cow is calving and has no milk. Who acts: widow, cow. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 15, sentence 111

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“I only have one little crust of bread and a mere handful of flour, and my cow is calving and has no milk.

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**Who acts:** widow, cow · **What happens:** have, calve · **To what, where:** one little crust, milk

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (widow, cow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:15:111
# text = “I only have one little crust of bread and a mere handful of flour, and my cow is calving and has no milk.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	crust	crust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	mere	mere	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	handful	handful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	calving	calve	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
24	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	25	det	_	_
25	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | present | the widow *= widow* | one little crust of bread and flour |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crust=Patient |
| 2 | **calve** *in a quote* | present · progressive | my cow |  |  |  |  |  | vn calve-28.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | present | my cow *not said here* | no milk |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent milk=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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